Much of the research on deja vu has been conducted with retrospective evaluations of two varieties: short surveys designed to assess its incidence and longer questionnaires aimed at evaluating different aspects of the deja vu state.
Although short surveys involve one or two questions (e.g., Have you ever had a déjà vu experience?; How often do you have a deja vu experience?), retrospective questionnaires are aimed at clarifying more complex physical and psychological circumstances surrounding the deja vu experience.
Neppe (1983) developed both a quantitative (frequency, duration) and a qualitative (emotional intensity, clarity of experience) questionnaire to be administered in an interview format, and Sno, Schalken, de Jonghe, and Koeter (1994) later refined and extended Neppe’s (1983) questionnaires.
Both instruments focus on defining the content (setting, the respondent’s actions, words spoken), frequency (how often, first experience), personal circumstances (where, when, doing what), physical state (fatigued, angry, intoxicated), and psychological reactions (emotions, time sense, body awareness) related to the deja vu experience, as well as auxiliary psychological dimensions (dream memory) and personal habits (travel frequency).
The research evaluating the deja vu experience has been plagued with a number of problems. First, there is often a failure to report some of the basic details of the research, such as the actual survey question used (Buck, 1970; Buck & Geers, 1967; M. A. Harper 1969; Myers & Grant, 1972) or the incidence rate found through this query (J. C. Dixon, 1963; Osborn, 1884).
For example, for one of the more thorough deja vu questionnaires, Sno et al. (1994) provided considerable detail on the test–retest and interitem reliability, as well as on face and construct validity, but failed to publish the actual questionnaire or any descriptive statistics from four groups of individuals (people with schizophrenia, people with depression, those prone to complex seizures, and controls).
Although short surveys involve one or two questions (e.g., Have you ever had a déjà vu experience?; How often do you have a deja vu experience?), retrospective questionnaires are aimed at clarifying more complex physical and psychological circumstances surrounding the deja vu experience.
Neppe (1983) developed both a quantitative (frequency, duration) and a qualitative (emotional intensity, clarity of experience) questionnaire to be administered in an interview format, and Sno, Schalken, de Jonghe, and Koeter (1994) later refined and extended Neppe’s (1983) questionnaires.
Both instruments focus on defining the content (setting, the respondent’s actions, words spoken), frequency (how often, first experience), personal circumstances (where, when, doing what), physical state (fatigued, angry, intoxicated), and psychological reactions (emotions, time sense, body awareness) related to the deja vu experience, as well as auxiliary psychological dimensions (dream memory) and personal habits (travel frequency).
The research evaluating the deja vu experience has been plagued with a number of problems. First, there is often a failure to report some of the basic details of the research, such as the actual survey question used (Buck, 1970; Buck & Geers, 1967; M. A. Harper 1969; Myers & Grant, 1972) or the incidence rate found through this query (J. C. Dixon, 1963; Osborn, 1884).
For example, for one of the more thorough deja vu questionnaires, Sno et al. (1994) provided considerable detail on the test–retest and interitem reliability, as well as on face and construct validity, but failed to publish the actual questionnaire or any descriptive statistics from four groups of individuals (people with schizophrenia, people with depression, those prone to complex seizures, and controls).
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